what is coalition politics?.
Coalition politics is something where no party gets a definite majority required to form the government in the elections. It mainly happens in a multi party system like which India follows. Here there are more than 2 parties competing for the same spot in the same constituencies which makes it difficult for any single candidates to get the required cutoff.
Similarly the party will also fail to get the required number of seats to form a government.This never occurs in a 2 party system followed by many countries where one party wins while the other loses. There is
definite result which will occur in the elections.Elections become indecisive.The main disadvantage of a multi party system followed by many democratic countries like India is the indecisiveness of elections. Here if there is tight competition between 2 parties the votes secured by the third party of coalition party becomes crucial and hence the main party which can win over the support of the third party
(smaller party) can form the government. Here the smaller party becomes much powerful and any withdrawal of support from their part will lead to the collapse of government. Hence this smaller party gets the better if the bigger parties and gets some of the important portfolios in the government.Advantages of coalition politics
Advantages of this coalition politics is that the government formation is endued. Suppose even if the required percentage of seats is not acquired by a party they can form government by coalition politics with some smaller parties. This reduces the extra burden if having to conduct the elections once again all over the place.
There are many cases where we can see that the coalition parties have ruled the country with good results too. India definitely has had more than 10 cases of successful coalition governments in various states in the country.